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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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TO 



SOCIOLOGY 



OR 



THE SCIENTIFIC RECONSTRUCTION 



OF 



SOCIETY, GOVERNMENTaPtpPEEpT. 



UPON THE PRINCIPLES OF 

The individuality or separateness of ownership, the equal- 
ity or equalness in quantity and the perpetuity or 
entailment of the private ownership of life, 
manhood, government, the Home- 
stead and the whole product 
of labor, by organizing 
all nations into states 
and townships of 

SELF-GOVERNED HOMESTEAD DEMOCRACIES, 

SELF-EMPLOYED 

in farming and mechanism combined, 

giving all the liberty and happiness to be found on earth. 

By LEWIS'MASQUERIER. 

INSCRIBED TO JNO. A. L.ANT, A WORKER IN THE CAUSE^OF TRUE REFORM. 

NEW YORK: 

Published by the Author. 

1884. 

Alcln^s, Lewis Masqueiler. 99 Java St.. Brooklja, (E.D.) New York. 



44 



J 45" 



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IS* 3 

£• PI 

52* 









SOCIOLOGY, AND ANALYZED BIGHTS AND WBONGS. 

RIGHTS. 

(h'ders. Qmeras 

Body. 



% 



73 



p-t 



_ Specie$. 

( Peace, 

•J Personal Security, 
( Health. 



Vitality 

or 

Life. 



■a 



Mobility, 

Industry, or 

Labor. 



Mentality, 
Volition, or 
Sovereignty. 



Limbs. 



Reproduction. 



Manhood. 



Locomotion. 



Democracy, or 
Peopledom. 



A ality y or \ 
manity. 1 



Morality \ 
Humanity. 



t 



f^ 



Homestead 

or 
Mansionry. 



I Public Prop'ty 

for 

Common Use. 



'Land or Nat- j 
ural Elements, \ 



Improvements 

or 

Farm. 



Public Grounds) 
and Buildings, j 



Ighways or J 
tRoads. j 

{ 



Produce. 



( Potency, 
•< Skilfulness, 
( Virility. 

' Paternity, 
Maternity, 
Monogamy. 



Self -ownership, 
Self- employment, 
Citizenship. 

Personal Liberty, 

Exercise, 

Emigration. 

Township Commune 
National u 

International " 

Opinion, 

Reputation, 

Philanthropy. 

Soil, Minerals, Water, 
Air,Li^it, Electricity 

Dwellings, 
Barn, Shop, Store, 
Garden, Field, 
Orchard, Forest, 
Fishery, Poultry. 

Parks, Squares, 
School, Museum, 
Town-Hall, Wharfs, 

Common Roads, 
Railroads, 
Bridges, Depots. 

Foods, 

Materials, 

Tools. 



Moveables 

or 
Products. 



Fabrics. 



Currency. 



Clothing, 
Ornaments, 

Furniture. 

Specie, 

Equitable Exchange 

N-te. 



SOCIOLOGY. AND ANALYZED BIGHTS AND WBONG8. 



WRONGS. 

Orders. Qeneras. 

Homicide. 



Species. 

( Aggressive War, 

•J Murder, 

( Capital Punishment 



Violence 

or 
Battery. 



Mutilation. 



( Mayhem, 

■J Emasculation, 

( Maiming. 



t-i l-l 



Ph 



r 



tu3 
S3 



£ 



D2 



<S o 



Slavery 

or 
Bondage. 



Oppicery 
(Office holding 

Gov't) or 
Ursurpation. 



Landlordry 

OR 

Monopoly. 



Prostitution. 



Mancipation. 



Incarceration, 



Aristocracy. 



Hierarchy. 



Polygamy, 
Polyandry, 
Promiscuity. 



( Chattel Slavery, 
«< Hireage Slavery, 
( Banishment. 

( Captivity, 

«< False Imprisonment, 

( Inquisition. 

( Monarchy, 

•j Hereditary Oligarchy 

( Elec'd Oligy or Rep'c 

( Paganism, 
•< Christiandom, 
f Mahometandom. 



Conquest ( Non-cultivation, 
or < Non -occupancy, 

Land Bobbery. ( Primogeniture. 



Land Traffic. 
Speculation. 



Ph 



Tenure or 
Leasage. 



to 



£ 



Propit-Mong'y 

OR 

Extortion. 



Vastalage 

or 
Feudary. 



Usury. 



Peculation. 



" Tax age, 
Mortgage, 
Debt, 
Bequests, 

^ Rentage. 

Incendiarism, 

Burglary, 

Thievery, 

Mutiny, 

Robbery, 



( Banking, 

•j Government Bonds, 

( Duties, Tariffs. 

( Default, 

■} Forestallery, 

( Stock-gambling. 



( Embezzlement, 
Fraud. < Counterfeiting, 
( Forgery. 




The colossal enlightenment, civilization ana, happi- 
ness of mankind can only be produced by the declaration 
and establishment of the necessity of the natural wants 
and rights of every hutjian being to an individual share 
of the soil or farmstead, in an -equal quantity and in a 
perpetual or entailed ownership during life ; and also of 
the exercise and enjoyment of the right of sovereignty 
or the power of government, by organizing the whole 
people of all nations into Townships and Farmsteads, so 
that they can be self -employed, vote by universal suffrage 
direct for law, instead of candidates, and thus govern 
themselves in proper person, and thereby abolish the life 
and liberty destroying sy stem of Landlordry and Tenure, 
Hireage, and Servility, and Officery or Office-holding 
Government and Vassalage. 



"TfiM WRONG Otf LANDLORDRY, HIRE AGE AN1> a 



Natural wants demand the right of all human 
beings to an equal, perpetual and individual 
share of soil for homesteads, giving the power 
of self-employ raent; and also power of self-gov- 
ernment by direct vote for law in organized 
townships throughout all nations. 

The Earth is ^^ and sojourn - 

the common ^4$^%11 erswith me. — 

mother of all, ^fr«fl^ Lev. xxv. 23. 
for she is just. A^ IVSl ^^S * set cut ou 
—Apolonins. (T ^Tm a **"S ground, 

The Land/J^ ^^x^V pose to be self- 
shall not bef " ^V ii/fcl / evident, the 
sold for ever ; , > Egg^J %^\ Earth belongs 
for the Land is A^=- ^%B@p> jn usufruct to 
Mine, and ye ' |V ™*^& the living — 
are strangers Jefferson. 

The most undone being in the limits of Judea, 
had still a bold in the land. His ruin could not 
be final, for in the last extremity he could not be 
scorned as one whose birthright was extin- 
guished.— Croly's Jubilee. 

Harvest fields are waving signals 

Telling man true paradise * 
Is a life-owned farming homestead 

That no debt can sacrifice. — [l.. m. 



THE 

THOROUGH PRINCIPLES OF RIGHTS AND WRONGS, 
AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF SOCIETY. 

Our bodies and external world of soil and appurtenant 
elements of air, water, light, etc. are the only true founda- 
tions of all our natural wants and rights. That the or- 
gans of bodies may have intercourse with surrounding 
things, the great organizer, Nature, has cunningly in- 
terwoven the human body with five great systems of 
organs— the osseous, vascular, reproductive, muscular 
(with the jointing of the bones), and the nervous. These 
organs elaborate respectively the great properties of form 
or shape and support for other systems, that of vitality, 
or life ; that of generation, or continuance of the species; 
that of mobility, motion, industry and labor, and that of 
mind, emotion and volition. These organs, then, withj 
their properties, are the true foundation of the five great 
personal wants and rights of manhood or form, of life, 
of offspring, of locomotion or labor, and of mind, voli- 
tion, sovereignty or power of government. 



4 OFFIOERY OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT." 

These rights, with the two great rights to property— 
that to a share of the soil and appurtenant elements, and 
that to movables or products of labor, make up the seven 
great orders of wants and rights belonging to every hu- 
man being. 

Npw, the violation of these five personal wants and 
rights perpetrates the wrongs or crimes of the extinction 
of manhood, of life or murder, that of mutilation, that 
of chattel and hireling slavery, and of the usurpation of 
volition,, sovereignty, or the power of government belong- 
ing to every human being in proper person, and not by 
the absurdity of a so-called delegation. Then the viola- 
tion of each human being's two natural wants— an equal, 
perpetual and individual right to a share of the soil, by 
its monopoly, and also to the product of labor or move- 
ables, constitutes the two great classes of wrongs or 
crimes against property. 

But this enumeration of rights and wrongs is not suffi- 
cient for the perfect understanding of their science. For 
there are three great principles or laws that must co- 
operate and run through or permeate each of them. 
They are > first, that of individuality, isolation, or sepa- 
rateness, to keep them and all things from a chaotic confu- 
sion. For Nature aims at making all individualities stand 
out in bold relief, else there would be no identity of things. 
A commixture or communism of things, therefore, vio- 
lates the individuality of rights and ownership of pro- 
perty, and tempts the workers to shift the duty of labor 
upon their co-communists. But the proper principle is 
to put each human being upon his or her individual 
ownership, with the sublime freedom of self -direction, 
self -employment, and stimulus to do their duty, and to 
generate no more offspring than the homestead* or farm 
can support, so as not to burden themselves or the town- 
ship people too much. 

Now, again, as each human being's natural wants are 
so nearly equal, they must command. an equal share of 
property for the means of subsistence and exist3nce. 
Equality, proportion, or equalness of quantity, is there- 
fore the second great principle of the ownership of pro- 
perty and the exercise and enjoyment of all personal 
rights. This principle shows that the monopoly of the 
soil is a great violation of the means of subsistence 
and existence, ending in pauperism and misery. None 
should own more than their share of soil, and labor for 



"THE WRONG OF LAiSDUOUBRY. KfcJteiAbrE ANU 5 

the means of living. Nature provides only an easy com- 
petence for each. 

The third great principle; of rights is that of inaliena- 
ti&n, perpetuity, entailment, ©r continuance throughout 
life of an equal share of home or homestead ; all should 
perform an equal share of labor with their own hands, and 
sl&euld also vote direct for law fey naeaias of township 
divisions throughout a state, and not attempt to do it 
through the absurdity of a supposed or charlatanic dele- 
gate. The usurpation of sovereignty, or the power of 
government is violated by a vicegerent, by a substitute, 
or a so-called representative, who only votes his own 
identical will for law. It is a hoary-aged error to legis- 
late by the will of another. It is bad enough when both 
people and their supposed representatives are equally 
ignorant of the true principles of rights. But how much 
purer would legislation be if done by township divisions, 
and not by officers and office-holding government. But 
this view of the subject is too novel yet to be heeded for 
several generations. The stupid people will still suffer 
these parasitic officers — mere incubuses and dead-heads, 
— to dupe them with rack taxes and rents ; and when 
they attempt revolution and a redress of grievances, will 
muster halt the ignorant people into standing armies to 
slaughter the balance. It is ignorant rulers misruling 
the ignorant people. 

To aid the application of this view of rights with their 
principles, the land of the earth should be surveyed into 
states, townships and homesteads, with the cardinal 
points of latitude and longitude. The capital ©f each 
state should be situated as near as possible at the inter- 
section of the odd-numbered degrees, and both be named 
phonetically, the state latitude north five from the equa- 
tor, and longitude east one from the meridian of Lon- 
don, then LA-Nb-Fa-LD-e-wu. 

The townships should be surveyed and numbered from 
that point exactly by the initials and figures of north, 
south, east and west, — thus, N2el, Nle2, and N2W1, 
N1W2, and so on by the other two cardinal points until 
they cosae out at the even numbered degrees of latitude 
and long&ttde, which will become the boundaries of every 
state. 

And then each township six miles square should be 
subdivided into five hundred and seventy-six homesteads 
of forty acres each, and be numbered and nanaed with 



6 OFFIGBKY OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 

the cardinal points on the same principal as the town- 
ships— thus : north two, east one ; north one, west 
tw© ; south two, east one, and south one, we»t t^e. 
And when spelled phonetically and abbreviated would be 
Nb-Tu-e-wu, ^d-wu-we-tu, and so on. Again each of 
these forty acre homesteads may be divided into ne nw 
sb and sw homesteads of ten acres yfhen population 
demands it. 

And still the four central forty-acre tracts, if the 
ground is suitable, should be laid off in each township 
as its village, and should be the property of the town- 
ship people. On its central public square the town-hall, 
college, mart, etc., should be located, while all the rest of 
the lots should be used by manufacturing companies and 
individuals, so long as they use them without paying any 
rent. The companies must be composed of persons who, 
while part of the family, must still cultivate and live on 
their homesteads, must all work with their own hands, 
as there are to be no hirelings, only an exchange of labor. 
The town's people must build, manufacture, etc., for each 
other by contract, and avoid the degradiag servility of 
hire and wages. The main streets should run and be 
named by the cardinal points, as North, South, East and 
West streets ; and the cross streets by their numbers, as 
First, Second, Third, etc., from the central square. The 
lots enlarge toward the suburbs, giving different sizjgs 
for different manuf actories. 

The natural right of every person to a share of the 
soil adequate to their support was agitated by George ft. 
fivans, thirty-five years ago, as the first Gracchus or the 
nineteenth century, and resulted in granting homesteads 
on our public lands, but not making the titles inalienable, 
soon became alienated again. The writer of this labored 
under Evans' lead, furnished these diagrams for the sci- 
entific division of the territory of the earth as above 
mentioned, and urged the division of sovereignty, or pow- 
er of government in equal sufferage among the people 
by townships in proper person, as well as that of soil by 
Evans. This monopoly of the soil and usurpation of 
sovereignty must ultimately be abolished when man- 
kind come to understand it. The second agitation of 
homes for all, is that which has been agitated by the' 
leaders of the Land League in Ireland. But as it is agi- 
tated by both a Catholic and Protestant population, with 
popes and priests denouncing the so-called republics, and 



THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 7 

the exercise of even private opinion, but little reform 
can be the result, asr yet. The above mentioned scientific 
division of the earth is illustrated by the following: 

Diagrams of the four central townships subdivided into homesteads, 
as a part of a state, with a plan for their villages. 




Now, as the above explanation of the principles of 
rights and plan can be slowly adopted in practice, sliding 
measures will have to be used to accomplish this thorough 
reform of society and nations. One of them may be thtft, 
where the people in any locality in any nation, may be- 
come sufficiently intelligent, they may survey all town- 
ships six miles square with the lines of the cardinal 
points ; and counting from the equator and principal me- 
ridian, can name them by the numbers of their position 
near enough to agree with "the numbers of other -t(Avn- 



8 OFFICERY OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 

ships when the whole earth becomes thus subdivided, 
into states, townships and homesteads. 

Another measure would be to equalize ownerships of 
each one's share of forty or ten acres, as population 
would demand. This could be done by requiring all hav- 
ing about that share to keep it from alienation as much 
as possible, and those having more than their or their 
children's share, to sell off other shares to landless per- 
sons — though the principle is wrong to sell land, which 
should only be exchanged. The overplus lands must be 
sold, but at a moderate price, and the money received 
by the claimants so demoralized, that it would outrage 
their foolish covetousness, and thus avoid all forcible 
agrarian division of property, which is such a big bug- 
bear to the aristocrat. 

This was the plan of Geo. Henry Evans, and is more 
practicable than that of Skidmore, who proposed an in- 
ventory of all property and of auctioning off each one's 
share ; or of O'Brien, who proposed the nationalizing of 
the soil in these huge landlord office-holding govern- 
ments, with no check upon their piling up ground rents. 

But it is the author who generalized and applied 
JEvans' developments of an equal and perpetual owner- 
ship of a share of the soil, to the five great personal 
properties, wants and rights of manhood, life, reproduc- 
tion, mobility or labor, and of opinion, volition or sov- 
ereignty. That if each one's share of soil should not be 
alienated by traffic, debt, tax, mortgage, will, etc., nei- 
ther should manhood be degraded into a chattel, life into 
death-punishment or a hired soldiery, the reproductive 
power into prostitution, the right of mobility into im- 
prisonment, or labor be degraded by the servility of hire- 
age, and the right of volition, sovereignty or the power 
of government, be usurped and violated by the institu- 
tion of a class of persons called officers, acting as so- 
called vicegerents or representatives. The people them- 
selves must self -live and self -reproduce, hence the power 
of self -employment, and have the power of self -thinking 
and of self-government in proper person. And for this 
purpose I have proposed the foregoing scientific division 
and nomenclature of the earth ; so that every human 
being of both sexes can vote in town-hall direct in prop- 
er person for the very little law needed when all are 
equally established in their rights, and their votes count- 
ed by township and state secretaries, and the law pub- 



THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 9 

lished in a state paper, and sent to every family in a 
state, and its subscription to go to the support of the sec- 
retaries, as the only tax upon the people in addition to 
the twenty -five cents poll tax to keep the township roads 
and public buildings in repair. And then disputed cases 
may be Settled by referees appointed by the disputants, 
who should act gratuitously with no fees of any kind to 
be paid to any but the secretaries. 

The dwellings, shops, and barns to be built 150 feet 
apart on the dividing line of every homestead, will make 
them near enough to constitute a rural city of the whole 
earth — leaving the present cities of jamed-up houses 
to fall into ruins. Fences will not be needed on good 
farming lands, as stock will be raised as a specialty far 
off on hilly, timber-growing lands. But each home- 
stead, besides its row t>f fruit trees on its boundary, will 
also grow a grove of forest trees on the higher part of its 
grounds. The lower and richer soil should be used for 
vegetable plants. A tank, with wind-wheels pumping 
up water for irrigation, would thus secure against drouth 
and the owner be independent of either rain or provi- 
dence. 

This reformation of all the institutions of. the earth, is 
the only thorough, check that can be given to the present 
conspiracy of the landlord legislature and cabinets to 
monopolize land and the governing power, so as to keep 
the masses, by rack-taxes and rents down to the point of 
pauperism, so as to fill their places, with cheap servants, 
their factories with hirelings and their barracks with 
soldiers to suppress reform at home and to depredate up- 
on weaker nations abroad. The British, Russian, and 
French rulers are steam shipping oceans, ca*aling istmus- 
es between seas, railroading and telegraphing through 
seas and countries, with the hypocritical pretense of pro- 
tectorates, and to force the production of new materials 
for their factories, so as to make their countries the 
work-shops of the world, while they are turning their 
lands into pasturage, parks and hunting grounds. They 
are now exterminating the poor Irish for this purpose, 
by eviction, famine and emigration. 

But the above statement of the baleful consequences 
of the monopoly of the soil and- its products with the 
usurpation of the people's sovereignty or power of gov- 
ernment, by a class called officers, does not show the 
whole of their progressive phases, modifications or ram- 



10 OFFICERY OR . OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 

fied wrongs and evils. The production and distribution 
of products or movable things, have increased, perhaps 
ten-fold during the last half century. But the increased 
improvements in machinery and architecture, have kept 
pace with the growth of population, and perhaps, about 
nine-tenths of the producers will be eventually thrown 
out of employment — leaving the remaining one-tenth to 
pay for the support of society. 

The improvements in steam-ship navigation, rail-road- 
ing ramified over continents and canaling between seas 
and rivers, though they facilitate emigration, the cros- 
sing of races and knowledge of rights and wrongs ; yet 
they increase the monopoly of production and distribu- 
tion. The quicker returns of fares and freights than the 
profits of other investments, stimulate the speculative 
propensities to increase these instruments of distribution 
until like other institutions, they will monopolize beyond 
what humanity can bear, and then will have to submit 
to an entirely new phase of revolution. For they will 
at length distribute too much and at too'great a jost to 
the wants and productive powers of the soil. The trans- 
portation of carbonized and nitrogenized constituents of 
food from one country to another, robs them, and their 
soils become unable to support their animals with man, 
and hence famines and plagues will abound. The Eng- 
lish agriculturists have been taught this and are return- 
ing all ordure as food for their plants. This will at length 
teach man everywhere that he must produce his food 
and fibrous substances direct from the soil and not ex- 
port them to other countries and lose all the ordure from 
them. Animals as well as vegetables must be cultured 
and fed upon the soil and return the ordure or food back 
to it. But to transport food, fibres and other products to 
large cities, with all their refuse matters run off by sew- 
erage into seas and rivers poisoning their waters and rob- 
bing the plants and animals of their food, ought to be 
considered as a criminal practice. 

But the great power of wealthy capitalists to purchase 
and freight the products of cultivation and manufacture 
as well as to^ transport passengers in over-growing cities, 
and to forestall for higher prices, will, it is to be hoped, 
teach the producers their natural right to a share of the 
soil, and cause them to seek refuge to it. With every 
one attached to an entailed homestead, with central vil- 
lages containing only the town buildings and manufac- 



THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 1 1 

tories, with the dwellings, barns and shops on each one's 
home, will, whether on a forty or ten acre tract, consti- 
tute a rural city of the whole earth. This will leave the 
present overgrown jamed-up cities of all nations, to fall 
into ruins or use their materials to build these rural cities, 

TOWNSHIP DIAGRAM. 



\_L___ 







— , 




"\7 








' 




■ 


Y\ 



















V 






e Mile 
rkand 













I 



t£z~ 




The ownership of these permanent homes will eve*" 
improve the industry and taste of all, that they will 
ridge up graveled walks and roads all around their farms, 
clump forest trees all around their boundaries, with 
smaller trees for fruit next to them — leaving the central 
ground for fields and gardens. This will leave a clear 
space for stationary steam-ploughs to break them* up ev- 
ery spring, so that they can be cultivated by the spade 
the balance of the season. Thus wood for fire and build- 
ings can be raised by every farmer with all kinds of food. 

In the lower grounds wells can be dug and seldom fail 
to strike water, which can be pumped up by aNwind 



12 GFFICEftY OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 

whesl into a tank or pond, high enough to run the water 
through pipes to the Jdtehen and to all the farm, to irri- 
gate m ary seasons, when the skies refuse rain. Fish 
may be reared in the pon4s and creeks ; while sheep, cat- 
tle and a few horses, may be reared as a specialty on 
grounds unsuitable for farming, so that the great cost 6t 
fences can be dispensed with. Express wagon carriers 
can transport all surplus products for trade or ex6hange, 
and thus save the expense of each farmer keeping a 
horse and vehicle of any kind that has to lie out of use 
so much. 

VILLAGE DIAGRAM. 




To aid, therefore, in establishing these thorough prin- 
ciples of rights in a new form of society, the soil of the 
earth must be divided into states, townships and farm- 
steads, with plainly marked corners and lines with cen- 
tral' villages, where all can vote and govern without offi- 
cers and their salaries ; with the aid only of committees 
and referees, but paid secretaries to keep records, while 
the distributors of the mails will receive their pay from 
the postage or betters. 



.a.. 



THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAG-E AND ] ! 

ENTAILED HOMESTEAD THE TRUE REM 
EDY OF LAND MONOPOLY. 

AIR— No Place Is Like Home. 
1 

Equal Homestead entailed giv^s the power to save 
From rack-rent age, evictions, #om fatp*»es--*the grave. 
Hfqual Farmstead life-owned, as seeded by entail, 
Saves from taxage and debt, from all purchase and sale. 

Chorus— 

Hemestead, equal Farmstead entailed, equal Farm- 
stead entailed, 

Saves from tax> rent and debt, from all purchase 
and sale. 

2 

A just law of entailment would ever secure, 
Equal Farmsteads to all ; none would ever be poor ; 
J-or the need of this law first applied to all rights, 
Poor producers are starved by tax-governing wights. 

3 
E$ual Homes should be private and never be sold ; 
Skould be only exchanged for each other — not gold. 
They should never be taxed ; as all own the same lands, 
Taxing products could pay all that ruling demands. 

4 
The class rule of a few landed owners and rings, 
Have usurped and grasped most all earth's better things. 
Landlord rule is rack-renting, evicting, unawed, 
Poor starved tenants and by mankind should be outlawed, 

6 
To reform all mankind, now made tyrants and fools, 
They must organize townships with Nature's just rules; 
Enact laws that no taxes and rents should be paid ; 
So that nothing could ever the farmstead invade. 

6 
Without officery -holding and sinecure elves, 
The good people by townships can govern themselves. 
Office-holders have cursed through all ages poor man, 
Until forced to invent tjiis self-governing plan. 



H OFFICERY OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 



ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLES OF RIGHTS AND 

WRONGS. 

AIR— There Is no Place Like Home. 

1 

There is nothing but man and all things, that surround, 
And that act-on his organs, through fbdd, light and sound, 
fienee a natural want and a*right must arise, 
From this intimate connection with soil, air and skies. 

Chorus— 

Behold ! this is the natural foundation and might, 
Guaranteeing to all entailed freedom and right. 



Behold how the lungs and the stomach combine, 
To digest air and food, to give growth, life and mind ; 
So, if these are shut off, we will dwindle' and die; 
There is nothing besides on which life can rely. 



Any law that entails not the owning and use 

Of a share in the soil, will create an abuse. 

To monopolized Farmstead or rentage belongs 

More than half of man's vices, his crimes and his wrongs. 

But the rest is produced by an officer's rule 

Of the people he makes his electoral tool, 

To be taxed and made paupers, pimps, soldiers and slaves, 

Go to war at the bidding of cabinet knaves. 



Office-holders are nothing but parties and rings ; 
k The good people themselves are the only true kings. 
Thii& the people at last are fast learning the cause 
Of their wrongs, and by townships will vote better laws. 



Yes, the people by township democracies learn 

That few officers living on taxes discern, 

That mistaken self-interest, is ever a blind 

To most all from perceiving the rights of mankind. 



THE WRON-3- OF LANDLORDRY, HIRE AGE AND 15 

THE OUT EAGE OF BRITISH RULERS. 

AIR— Battle Cry of Freedom. 

O^j these plundering British rulers, rack-tax the land- 
lords' land, 

Who add it to the rents oi -tenants, 
With more yet for their own living — a parasitic band; 

While tenants shift it to the hirelings. 
Chorus: Rulers make men paupers and depredate abroad. 
Bown with officers, men, rule yourselves. 
For you can not rule through others by any delegate, 
But only in your personality. 

Oh ye office-holding rjilers, you really tyranize, 

And cause more wrong and vice than virtue. 
But you do it all — not knowing, wherein the evil lies, 

I?or right and wrong are yet a chaos. 
Yet unconscious barbarous rulers, make ignorant tools 
of all, 

To labor, swet and bleed in warfare. 
Mad for wealth and lawless power, they seldom see their 
fall ; 

Until the dagger stops their outrage. 

The mad English and the Russian, are thirsting to divide 
Between themselves, the Asian nations. 

But a Homestead owning people, could stop a Caesar's 
pride 

And his unconscious lust for conquest. 

The arch-felon British rulers, are snatching every crown ; 

Outrage, all weak and and peaceful nations ; 
Shoot Hindo patriots from their cannon, burn Egypt's 
city down, 

For owing borrowed, unpaid money 

And who loaned it for the purpose, their way of giving 
bribes, 

Pretending false protectoraties, 
Like robed, conquered India and Siam, with other help- 
less tribes ; 

While groaning under British taxes. 

But such rulers with their armies, should be by all out- 
lawed, 

For wanton murdering' brother heathens. 
Thus, they pirate on aU nations, and tramp down all 
rough shod. 

And make them "pay for heating poker/' 



THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIRE AGE AND 17 

STRUGGLE FOR HOMES FOR ALL AGAINST 
LANDLORD RULERS. 

AIR— Battle Cry of Freedom. 

1 

May the Land League agitation, from Ireland expand, 
Until all gain their shares of farmstead. 

For it gives the means of living upon their own freed land, 
Instead of begging work from bosses. 

Chorus— 
The Farmstead saves from famine gives self-employment; 

Stop all land-grabbing, strike for a Home. 
All must share in soil and farming, for it secures their rights 
A true inalienable Homestead. 
2 
Go for something more substantial than emblematic flag, 

And shout for private, equal farmstead. 
Come, men, rally round the farmstead instead of but a rag, 
And claim inalienable homestead. 
3 
The reform of Homestead owning by Evans' years of toil, 

Is taking root from Irish famine. 
All reformers now are seeing that all must share in soil ; 
For nothing else relieves starved tenants. 
4 
See how Davitt braves with Egan the British jail and rage, 
And Dillon, Brennan, George & Parnell ; [this age 
While Devyr, Duganne and Ingalls are first Gracchies of 
With Evans, Julian and Masquerier. 
5 
Patriot Evans, world reformer ! thy soul will ever teach, 

All must have life-owned shares of farmstead. 
By thy philanthropic reasons, now yearly famines preach 
That all must partly live by (honest) Farming. 
6 
But curst famines yet are coming, to learn us all far more, 
Than ages past of falsely thinking, [men poor. 
Still, law makers, like the landlords, rack-tax and make 
Reducing them to hirelings and soldiers. 

7 

Yes, all officers in ruling, rack-taxes properties, 
The same as landlords in rack-renting, 

With the power of increasing, unchecked their salaries, 
Just as the landlords raise their rentage. 



1 8 THE WRONG OF LANBLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 

GEORGE HENRY EVANS AND OTHER 
ADVOCATES OF LAND REFORM. 

Air— Battle Cry of Freedom. 

1 
In these modern times came Evans — th' Columbus of the 
Discovering homes far every person ; [age, 

Saw that grasping soil and ruling had reached a latef 
With landlords, hirelings, and tenants. [stage, 

Chorus — 
Perpetual homes are ignored by rulers and the laws : 

Strike down landlordry, farm your own soil ; 
Be no servile voting lackies for office-holding clubs, 
"Who live by taxing useful workers. 

2 
Some disciples Evans rallied worked hard witti zealous 
mind : 
Windt, Tread well, Commerford, and Greeley, 
With Walsh, Ryckman, Smith, and Gregory, McKenzie, 
Price and Pyne, 
With Hunt, found homes in hearts of brethren ! 

8 
Those still urging farmstead owning, are Ingalls and 
Devyr, 
Rowe, Drury, Hacker, Barr and Smalley, [rier, 
With McClatchey, Beeny. Tabor, Buganne and Masque- 
Were pioneering land reformers. 

Cowen, Hall, Devoy and Wallace, Kinsella, Weekes and 
Newberry, Cotton,. Hume atfd Godwin, [Bay, 

With Green, Ingersoll and Youmang, Sell, Underwood 
Denounce class laws and pious evils. [and Bray, 

5 

Monroe, Seaver, Graves and Menduna, have stood life- 
guard for all, 
With Jamisen, Bradlaugh and Tyadall, 
As man's true and wise Salvatsrs, to rescue them from 
To find on earth their only heaven. [thrall, 

6 
Ladies Underwood and Wix®n, Howe, Colby, Rase and 
Lant, 
With Stanton, Slenker, Burnz and Gibson : 
Also Anthfrfiy, Stone and Parnells, with Thompson and 
Besant, 
Are man's help-mates securing homesteads. 



OFFIGEBY, OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 19 

7 
The departed friends in congress, who struck the landed 

Are Sumner, Wilson, Hale and Stevens ; [foe, 

But the leaders Julian and Holman, with Kelly, Cox and 

Still fight for homesteads for all people. [Grow, 

8 
The next greatest agifcation since Evans found for all 

A home, is that in fnartyred Ireland, 
There land leaguers fend salvation is only in the soil ; 

The truest Savior from famine, 

9 
There, the leaders most heroic, with Pavitt at their van, 

Are Dillon, Brennan, George and Parnell, 
With Quinn, Egan, Sexton, Meehaa and Healey, Sheridan, 
Have suffered in the British bastiles. 

10 

Redpath, Post, Lant and Blissert all zealously contend 

With Nulty, McGlynn and Hanson, 
And Paepe, Reynolds, Hugo, Rochfort, rouse workmen to 
defend 

Their natural rights to soil and labor. 

11 
But with ignorant priests denouncing the people's govern- 

And independent private thinking, [meat, 

No complete land reformation, can get some priests' con- 

Because it makes men too frss-thoughted. [sent, 

12 
This galaxy of reformers, seen now through cloudy sky, 

Will yet blaze out in wisdom's glory ; 
The electric lights of nineteenth era, whose naniR> will 
never die, 
Because they start the thorough doctrine 
Of equal homes for every person. 

13 
Paine gave use of soil to people— states living on "ground 
rents," 
While. George gives property in common ; 
Evans gave to all a homestead, still cursed by [office- 
holding] governments, 
While Ma^querier givers farms and ruling, 
By voting law by all the people 
Bjr/febwB^Siips throughout every nation — 
Hiills olHeers as well as landlords. 



20 THE WRONG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 

*PLAN OF FARMSTEADS WITH WIND AND 
ELECTRIC POWER MILLS. 

(Inscribed to Frederick Law Olmstead.) 

With farms bounded by roads and crses, the wind will 
sweep through the vistas, be strongest at the corners of 
them, and become good sites for wind and electric power 
mills. They are the cheapest of all motive powers, even 
that of water, and is sufficient for farming purposes, 
which do not require so much steadiness. 

The barn and mill can be combined in the same build- 
ing and be built upon the exact southeast corner of every 
farmstead. A deep cellar, shallow subseller and tunnels 
should extend from every side of them with divisions be- 
tween, to store different kinds of vegetables beyond the 
reach of frost. The first and second stories above ground, 
should be used for all kinds of cereals that must be kept 
dry. The wind-mill shaft should reach down its south- 
east corner to the cellar to grind the fruits, while the 
grains should be ground on the first floor. 

Boxes holding a certain number of bushels can be run 
on wheels upon the graveled or macadamized roads 
around all the farms, right to the cellars beneath and 
floor above, and convey all its products from the ground 
where grown, with wheel-barrows for shorter distances. 

These mills may not only manufacture all kinds of ce- 
reals for bread-stuffs, but can be used to grind and press 
ijit the juices of all fruits, as well as the stalks and 
fibrous plants, such as flax, hemp, cotton, etc., for their 
lint and spun or felted for bedding, clothing or stuffing 
purposes. 

Wells may be sunk under the wind-mills, and water 
pumped up high enough to flow by gravity to the kitch- 
ens or to nil tanks or ponds forpisiculture and irrigation. 
The domestic fowls may be raised, fed and have a roost 
in the upper part of a shed built against the side of the 
barn with shelves for nests and hatching beneath, Sheep, 
cows, horses, etc., may be raised in hilly, mountainous 
and lake regions, remote from better cultivatable lands. 
This will dispense with the costly fencing of arable soils, 
and at least to fence with thorny shrubbery. 

The cottages should stand 100 feet back from the south 
road and on the division line of the two halves, with the 
same series of rooms and all on the ground floor, with 
the attic used only for lodging. The east half should be 
owned by the man and the west half by the woman, so 
that in case of disagreement, either could fortify against 



OFFICERY, OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 21 

the other and carry on the half of the farm. The south- 
west corner of the farmstead should ha^e a &hm> or 
store building, so that a trade or merehandi&i&g Gedrcl f e 
followed by all or part of each family. The Village iotg 
are to be the common property, as well as the roads ©f 
the township people ; so that companies or single indi- 
viduals could establish manufactories without paying 
rent, and should ever keep their families on their home- 
stead — so that those working on them might lodge there 
only. The late development of electric light could be given 
to the buildings of all these Farmsteads and Township 
villages, by suspending the wires upon the branches of 
the forest trees surrounding all of them. Wind or water 
power will afford a sufficiently steady lig ht, as well as for 
the transmission of the electric power f&r use ako. 

The most valuable forest nut-feearing tre$s &Ja$uld fee 
clumped along the boundary of each farm Wi#li sM ktef§is 
of fruit trees bordering them — shrubbery next &&d Iffe 
grain-fields and vegetable patches in their een#4i ]g$f- 
tions. This would give a wild-wood appearance ef me 
whole of each state. In perigrinating along tit* roai^, 
glimpses of delightful landscaped f&rms could be selSk 
through the opening of the forests. 

As Mr. Frederick Law Olmstead ija pla*&k&g' ©enteal 
and Prospect Parks, stands f ©rem® sit in the &feM and 
taste of landscaping. I herein call his atieiatioft to nay- 
proposed plan for parking both country a&d city coi^fei- 
ned — making a rural city of the whole world, inf&egwf ®i 
these piled-up houses, burning up by acres aiad often 
with their inmates. 

I suggest that an enterprising or individual c@nig a»y 
might take an eighty acre piece of we#dland &e#r ifeW 
York, clear out the central portien and landacajie it ac- 
cording to the plan here suggested, or tkey i»igbt im- 
prove a mile square into sucn farmsteads, or an improv- 
ed one upon it. It would give instruction as w$li as 
amusement to the thousands who visit it. It w#iald give 
thinkers something like a heaven on @«rfch. S^ellfcg 
humanity could be lefi to see that the toil of %e g^th 
could be surveyed off into states, Q&vm®*& aa*d M$£ae- 
steads, so as to facilitate the attainment ©£ every k«ma»t 
being to their natural individual, equal a^d perpe#iaal j§£ 
entailed right to a share of Farmstead wi4k me power &f 
voting by Townships for their law and geve&&n&e»t, sm& 
thus abolish the curse of oMce-holding rulers, as well as 
landlords. 



TME WRiM @F LAN'BLtKDRY, MISEAOE AND 22 

THE PARK-LIKE FARMSTEADS OF THE 
NEW FORM OF SOCIETY. 

AIR— Equal Farms Entailed. 
1 

True Social Spionce will in future give 

A Home to ail in e%iaal bliss to live ; 

Sj/sctttfed forever with their Farms entailed, 

T^ic rights can never be again assailed ; 

W&hin raeir Farmsteads, they are fortified 

J^gaiingt land-g irabbing class on every side ; 

Lfeave crowded towns, where rents and poer abound; 

Persue some trade as well as till the ground 

2 
Nought but the tillage of the soil can give 
To ©'Very soul the surest means t© live, 
'fke artfcaa^ may starve on hardest tail, 
Ifcut noiie who cultivate a sha#e of soil. 
To gam your Somes yeu m&&t the earth divide 
la townsandforty acre faFtns beside. 
T&ig gives to all an easy competence, 
Agailist all want and care a sure defence. 

3 

With. dwellings, barns and manufacturing shops 
Mid 'foras'ts, orchards and all kinds of crops, 
Would make a rural city of the earth, 
As if Fich nature bred a second birth ; 
Proclaiming she has worked through ages vast 
4j*d now givesequal Farms to ail at last, 
With means to live, self-goverenment and free- 
In Townships— an eternal jubilee. 

4 
S&e how these farms with clumped wild-woods arise 
(With orchards bordering them of lower size,) 
4eave openings to the skies and shade beneath 
Raised, curved and graveled roads as wi*h a wreath : 
A bowery vista where the skie's blue light 
Feeps in, While imrrow.©*! in the distant sight,* 
Enclow»| workshops, barns with fields arid meads 
And dwellings, gardens, yards with flower beds. 

5 
See where th,e useful herbs— kind nature's treat. 
Potatoes, turnips, cabbage, beets and wheat ; 
The silken-tassrfed, white-plumed fields of maizo 
Wave in the breeze and warmth of summer days. 
The golden-hued sunflowers face the sun, 



£8 OFFICEHY, OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT, 

While round their stems the clasping twiners run 
And hang like garlands with their seedy pods, 
Wreathed by Dame Nature from earth's richest sods, 

6 
From the centre of these forty acre farms, 
Behold the landscape's most esthetic charms. 
The lower herbs slope with the higher trees, 
That wave and glisten in the sun warmed breeze. 
Yes, round these central fields a charming scene 
With glittering leaves in every tint of green, 
And other hues beyond the painter's art, 
Enrapturing to the tasteful feeling heart. 

7 

Behold the region far and near that seems 
A mass of wild-wood rivaling poet's dreams. 
As you along these vistas muse and roam 
See through the trees the glimpse of happy home ! 
Farms, parks and woods with cottages combined, 
Entailed, landlords no more can curse mankind. 
With Farms and manufacturing shops for all 
Combined, man will no more degraded fall. 

O— 

SLIDING MEASURES FOR ATTAINING TO 
THOROUGH REFORM. 

It has been briefly stated how the whole land of the 
earth should be divided by the odd numbered degrees of 
latitude and longitude into States, and subdivided into 
townships and homesteads. At the intersection of these 
lines the State capitals should be situated, and at their 
crossing in the center of each six mile square township 
their villages or capitals should be located. Every quar- 
ter mile square of forty acres would become a farmstead, 
and as much as each family could cultivate with their 
own labor, and not with the servile and hireling labor of 
others. Four main roads running with the cardinal 
points and perhaps, with the intermediate points, should 
intersect each township with narrower roads around each 
forty acre farmstead, planted on each side according to 
the landscaped plan above mentioned. 

Now, then, let the owner of large tracts select his or 
her share of forty acres, or take one hundred and sixty 
acres, if the population of any county admits, and appor- 
tion fixe balance in proper shares to each of their heirs. 
If there is still more than these heirs need, it should go 
to some landless person, by paying three per cent, per 



OFFICER Y, OR OEFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 24 

year until it amounts to the value of the improvements 
on it ; but never anything must be paid upon unimproved 
soil. Those having about the forty acre portion already 
of course, will select that part enclosed by the regular 
survey, and may compromise for improvements falling 
outside. But, it is the guaranteeing principle, not only 
of an individual and equal ownership, but of a perpetual 
or entailed one, that must be applied to these farmsteads, 
that will make them stay with each owner with only the 
right of an exchange of them for each other, that is the 
great clinching power of a perfect right of ownership. 

When we reflect how readily the large holders of land 
gave them up in the French revolution of 1789, why 
should not large landholders more willingly give them up 
in this more intelligent age ? Especially as rack-taxing, 
ty thing and rack-renting are now showing how they are 
producing pauperism, famine, disease and death. 

The people will vote in proper person by townships all 
through each State for the very little law and govern- 
ment needed, and will have it proclaimed in a weekly 
paper edited by five secretaries and sent to every family 
in each State ; and they will be supported by the sub- 
scriptions with limitations for other purposes — perhaps 
pay all other expenses of keeping buildings in repair, &c. 
These journals will be free to all communications on alii 
scientific, political and religious subjects. They will con- 
tain a record of every birth at the precise minute, so as- 
to know the oldest heir in the township, where no heir 
was left by the parents. 

The mails will be conveyed in long distances by the 
railroads, and in shorter distances in express wagons. Asi 
all regular work of farming and mechanism must be done ( 
in the forenoon, the afternoon must be used in sending! 
and receiving letters and papers, in trading in stores and 
shops, in visiting, attending meetings, reading-rooms, 
in wandering in pleasure grounds, and in reading under 
the vine-wreathed porticos. 



A WORLD'S CONVENTION OF MEN OF 
SCIENCE AND ART. 

1 suggest that a convention of men of science and art 
(not politicians) should be held in Philadelphia or New 
York to take into consideration the ultimate or last for- 
mation or stage that nations can assume in the moral 
world. It is only men of genius and invention that can 



25 THE WRONG OP LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AND 

be expected to advance reform. Politicians seldom pos- 
sess more than commonplace learaingand thinking, and 
just enough to electioneer and live by office. 

Let, then, men capable of original conception try to 
declare the second great Declaration of " Independence" 
and of rights and wrongs to that of ours in 1876. If 
they cannot proclaim more radical principles than those 
developed in this treatise, why not adopt them ? If they 
cannot dig to a deeper foundation and classification of 
rights and wrongs than that of the five great systems of 
organs in the human body — the osseus, vascular, geni- 
tal, motive and nervous, and to that of the two great 
divisions of the external world of immovable and move- 
able things, let them adopt these. If they can find that 
the properties of these organs are respectively those 
of Life, Manhood, reproduction, motive power, and men- 
tality with the division of the surrounding world as those 
of soil or homestead and products, with the natural 
wants arising from them as the true foundation 1 rights, 
they should adopt and proclaim them, and their oposites, 
murder, war, slavery, officery, landlords and rentage asi 
crimes. But the organs of man's body, with their prop- 
erties, wants and rights arising from th$rn are all dis- 
tinct idealities, and must therefore be ©concentrated with 
each other and the external objects essential to their ex- 
istence. The attempt of holding t3aem in commeaa, gen- 
erates a chaotic confusion, and violates the principle of 
individuality. But the exercise and enjoy n&eaat of rights 
individually, are not dilfeetjlt. They B&«st also be held in 
ecjt&al a»d proportionate quantities as natoral objects, 
and not by tk« opposite evil principle of i&equ&lity that 
violates lie princrple of equiHiy. But still, the exercise: 
and enjioymeiftt of rights in separate individuality and kii 
eq&al &b4 proportionate cpmnti^s or si&e, are not ade- 1 
qur&te. They eau^t also be heM in perpetuity or entail- 
ment sharing life, and in>t by the opposite evil principle! 
of a&tna&Ma, or monopoly or usurpation. These three! 
greet pria&eifites must be eomhined $md co-operate in thei 
production e£ a perfect right. But they have been fel&z-, 
ing &n4 their truth thpcHagh all ages without being heed- 
ed. L#fe i&s see how siowly we have all been in discov- 
ering them. 

The philanthropic Paine had a glimpse of them in his 
Agrarian justice, when he suggested that the State 
shouid own the soil mud be supported by a ground-rent, 
foreseeing that all should have fee use of a share of soil. 



OFFICERY, ©R OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 26 

In declaring against the evil of primogeniture and entail- 
ment of large estates in producing monopoly of son anc 
lanoKordry, he overlooked the security, liberty and hap- 
piness that an entailment of an* equal share of soil con- 
fined to the lowest minimum for a family support would 
produce. In our declaration of Independence these great 
principles of rights and wrongs are so vaguely expressed 
that the phrase " inalienable rights " are not yet under- 
stood by the working masses, though the aristocracy oi 
Europe ha-s been practising them through all ages. Oh. 
the shameful ignorance of even the reformers of these 
evil institutions. Though the French revolutionists were 
the next that repealed the primogeniture and entailment 
of large estates, yet they failed to see the necessity of 
entailing the small estates into which they were divided 
and to limit the needful quantity to each, which since 
have become too small for a family support, and are be- 
coming monopolized by morgazing from excess of heirs. 
For eight years congresses of delegates from the work- 
ingmen's associations of different countries of Europe 
were held until broken up by the Franco-Prusiaii war. 
They discussed whether property should be held individ- 
ually and communistically without settling it. 

In 1S77 the author published his views on "Sociology. 
the Scientific Reconstruction of Society, Government and 
Property/' of which this work is an appendix. But public 
sentiment is too much stultified to heed the fact that offi- 
cers as well as landlords and profit-mongers can and will 
be abolished in time. Famines in Ireland and other 
countries are now coming to the aid of reason — still, too 
much blinded by the dogmas of a political and religious 
priesthood — living in idleness upon the producers of 
property, by means of rack-tax, rack-rents, rack-tythes 
and profits — paupering the masses into servants, soldiers, 
sailors and police. 

Then rouse, workmen ! and strike down landlordry ; 
strike for your natural right to a share of soil : strike 
down chattel and hireling slavery, and strike for the 
whole product of your labor by owning a share of the 
soil. And strike down the curse of officery and office- 
holding government — legislating for its own class only 
with the outrageous power of ever increasing their salar- 
ies and pensions, unchecked. Yes, strike for a Home- 
stead Democracy, exercised by means of voting direct 
for law and government by means of townships through- 
out all nations. 



27 THE WItGN£ OF LANDLGRDRY, HIREAGE AND 




GEORGE HENRY EVANS. 



GEORGE HENRY EVANS 

Was born March 25, 1805, in Western England, and 
was brought by his parents when a child to New York. 
He learned the printing business, published reformatory 
works, joined the equal rights party with his co-labor- 
ers, Th. Skidmore and Wm. Leggett, in opposition to 
the banking system. Ignoring all party issues, he sought 
to abolish the evils of land monopoly. He first publish- 
ed a monthly "Radical" to give his land reforming 
views. In March, 1844, he issued a semi-weekly, "The 
People's Rights," "Weekly Workingman's Advocate," 
which he changed to "Young America," with the pro- 
gram, "The freedom of the public lands in a limited 
quantity to act lal settlers only, the exemption of the 
Homesteal and a limitation of the purchase of all other 
land." He agitated by pledging the candidates of all 
parties to his measure, and in refusal, nominated land 
reformers to hold the balance of power. This resulted 



OFFICER Y, OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 



28 



in the present Homestead Law, granting a quarter sec- 
tion after five years occupancy of the public lands. 
Evans was middle-sized, regular featured, even tem- 

}>ered, courteous, with no parade of oratory. He pub- 
ished his paper for five years, became worn out in health 
and means, and retired to his small farm in New Jersey, 
where his first wife died in 1850. He married again and 
died March 25, 1856 of a cold and nervous fever at the 
age of fifty-one, a most remarkable man, giving a turn- 
ing point to a new era of civilization. 




LEWIS MASQtTERIER. 



LEWIS MASQUE RIER 

Was born March 14, 1802, in Paris, Kentucky, of a 
Scotch-Irish mother and French English father. He 
learned to read, wri x e and cipher, while working on the 
farm, and made special study of grammar and geogra- 
phy. In 1818 he was carried by a step-father, with his 
mother, and other child en to the Boonslick settlement 
on the Missouri River. Soon after he returned to Paris 



29 IJaJfi WR0NG OF LANDLORDRY, HIREAGE AISL> 

hoping to sell his interest in his mother's dower in a 
farm near there left by his father. At Park he learned 
the printing business, wrote verses, studied law, and 
settled in Quincy, 111., in its practice, which he neglect- 
ed and gave up to his thirst for promiscuous learning, 
with the buying and selling of lands and lots. In 1837 
he emigrated to New York City to get facilities for the 
reform of orthography by publishing a small dictionary 
of Webster's with his pronunciation exhibited by re- 
spelling his words phonetically, with an alphabet con- 
taining the eleven vowels and twenty-two consonants, 
or touchings of the organs of the mouth, modifying 
them into syllables, rhymes and species. 

He next embraced G. H. Evans' development that ev- 
ery person's natural wants entitled them to an individ- 
ual and equal share of the soil, when he dropped Owens' 
dogma of communism and advocated individuality of 
ownership, as the true principle, and has added the prin- 
ciple of inalienation, perpetuity or entailment to that of 
his individuality and equality or equalness of quantity, 
to the personal properties of man's organs, and thereby 
abolish officers as well as landlords by dividing the 
land into states, townships and homesteads, so as to 
vote in organized township in person, as exhibited by 
the diagrams in the preceding pages of this Appendix. 

JOHN A. LANT. 

Was born in Blairsville, Pa., December, 9, 1842. He 
absorbed the educational advantages of a small township 
school, and at thirteen began life in a printing office at 
Pittsburgh. Leaving the case in 1860 he joined the army 
and served throughout the war as a private soldier. His 
special acts of heroism and humanity were as marked as 
was his general disregard of the cockney discipline of the 
camp. At the second Fredericksburg he responded to a 
call for volunteers to scale the fortifications, and with 
three others, led them forward, life in hand, to the top, 
revealing through the morning light to the commanding 
officers on the plain below that the enemy had withdrawn 
to their inner works, when the troops were ordered up and 
a fierce battle fought and won. Soon after the war he es- 
tablished papers in Sharon, Pa., and Toledo, O. At the lat- 
ter city he started the land and labor agitation, organizing 
the Free Land League and other reforms in 1872. The pan- 
ic on, he rebuked the immorality of officery, church, state 



OFFlCERY, OR OFFICE-HOLDING GOVERNMENT. 30 

and nation, invoking official enmity and wrath. The state 
Legislature was petitioned to suppress his paper, but par- 
tisan bigotry did not prevail; then Federal authority was 
summoned and he was convicted and fined. His office 
was seized in his absence by the Sheriff and sold at once 
Undaunted he sought to hire his paper printed, but could 
get no one to do the work. With one compositor he went 
to an abandoned printing office at Oak Harbor and issued 
two numbers under great mechanical and pecuniary em- 
barrassment ; then to Sandusky, O., where the Kinney 
Bros., who had just issued a Life of Captain John Brown, 
made him welcome and gave him the use of their office. 
There he issued five numbers, when he returned to Tole- 
do, and resumed his publication. He was again harrass- 
ed and threatened, and a complaint lodged that he was 
mailing copies of his paper to persons who had not sub- 
cribed for it ! The Government took this offense in hand, 
but it was never brought to issue. In the spring of 1875 
he removed with his family, press and type, to New York, 
where he threw off copies of his Toledo Sun by thousands. 
It was refused admission at the post-office, but sold rap- 
idly among the people. Spies were on his track and he 
was arrested at the instance of one of them by two U. S. 
marshals, and put into prison. An enormous bail was de- 
manded, which, when furnished, was refused ! the U. S. 
attorney stating "if we admit this man to bail he will go 
on printing his paper, and that we are not going to per- 
mit." On appeal to. Judge Blatchford, three weeks later, 
the bail was accepted and the prisoner released to await 
the action of the Grand Jury. Meantime he was indict- 
ed without notification, and re-arrested on a bench war- 
rant on default of bond, a week before his bond was due ! 
This blunder was but a part of the infamous proceedings. 
Believing that he was meanly accused and basely mis- 
understood, two counsellors on the day of trial volunteer- 
ed to defend him, but the judge refused to adjourn the 
case. No U. S. prisoner at that time had the right to tes- 
tify in his own behalf, and Lant was obliged to silently 
submit to the merciless will of his licentious persecutors. 

He was instantly convicted in the face of numerous petitions from the people, and 
three weeks later was sentenced to fine and imprisonment in language both malig- 
nant and unjust, and wholly unbecoming the lips of an American judge. The court 
record is silent as to the specific nature of his offense, but the "pardon" which was 
handed him at the close of his year and a half's imprisonment, reads, "for transmit- 
ting unlawful matter through the mails." While a prisoner of war, Lant was sub- 
jected by the enemies of his country to less indignity an 1 cruelty than was heaped 
upon him by the vindictive officials and fanatical bigots who claimed to be its friends. 
His voice and pen have never been silent as the columns of his Labor and Indus- 
trial Liberator attest. For the past few years he has been engaged in the publica- 
tion of rerormatory books, and is at present active in the living reforms of the day.** 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



31 THE WRONG OF LANDLOKDRY, H 



MICHAEL DAVn e S™ ffl 

Of Conn ought, Ireland, has taken the x^«,^ *« «^„__ 
the natural right of every human being to an equal 
share of the soil, as the only thorough remedy of land 
monopoly, rack-rentage, evictions, pauperism, famine 
and crime. About five years ago, he was the most active 
in the organization of the "Land League" in Ireland, and 
addressed large mass meetings. But the brutal land mo- 
nopolizing and office-holding (usurping) government of 
England, became alarmed that they might lose their 
plunder, and he was imprisoned with other leaders for ex- 
ercising the liberty of speech in asserting man's natural 
rights. He had formerly suffered long and cruel im- 
prisonment for previousagitations, and when released, 
agitated again, and is now buried alive. These agita- 
tions for homes for all, are the next most .prominent, 
singe ours thirty-five years ago, here, in America, under 
the lead of Evans and others in the name of the "Land 
Reform Association" of the U. S., which was continued 
five years, until congress enacted the "Homestead" law, 
giving alternate quarter sections on the public lands to 
actual settlers. 

The "Land League" in Ireland has failed, it seems, by 
withdrawing the "pay no rent" manifesto. It is now 
merged in a "National League" which will only continue 
the present oligarchic republican forms of government. 
For all rulers, as well as people, are yet too ignorant of 
the thorough principles of rights to attain to them till 
another generation. 

Evans developed that it is the necessity of the natural 
wants that is the true foundation of every person's right 
to a share of the soil, in organized townships, leaving 
the curse of office-holding governments still in existence. 
But Masquerier proposes to abolish all kinds of office- 
holding governments as oligarchies, and to substitute in- 
dividual, equal and perpetual ownership of a Farmstead, 
and of the exercise of government in organized town- 
ships and states throughout all nations. He has devel- 
oped a thorough scientific system, by proposing that each forty acre Farmstead should 
be surrounded with clumped forest trees, with orchards inside, and their boundaries 
marked with roads and the central portions cultivated for food products. The winds 
sweeping through their vistas, can turn the wind wheel at one of the corners and 
grind out both food and electric light. Arouse, then, men and women, and with your 
farm-spangled banner secure the right of the husband to the east half of the Farmstead 
and the wife to the west half. Here, then, for the first time in the history of man, there 
can be a really free love between the sexes, while neither can enslave the other when 
raising a progeny proportioned to what their equal and entailed farmsteads can sup- 
port ; instead of breeding a supply of hireling slaves, soldiers and policeman, to mur- 
der each other in the wars of their barbarous usurpers of all rights of humanity 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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